Description of the relative direction, magnitude, and certainty of climate change-related health impacts and describe costs of interventions
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resultsThus it is very difficult to define a coherent operational adaptation strategy for natural ecosystems. The report tries the even more difficult, estimation of the financing needs for adaptation, although investment in current conservation can provide some guidelines as to costs and to financing opportunities.
To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
The report seeks to inform critical questions with regard to policy mixes of investments in adaptation and mitigation, and how they might vary over time. This is facilitated here by examining adaptation within global Integrated Assessment Modelling frameworks.
The report outlines how climate and atmospheric composition is already changing and how it may change further, how these changes may be affecting cropping system function, the adaptations that may be needed for cropping systems in the future and some key research challenges in the next five years.
There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing climate risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe climate changes.
The report describes the activities of the insurance industry. Insurers have begun to embrace a more sophisticated approac to climate change, increasingly recognizing the issue as one of “enterprise risk management,” which cuts across the domains of underwriting, asset management, and corporate governance.
The paper researched example of insurance products which limit and manage risk of extreme weather events.
To address expected losses, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Parties have identified both disaster risk reduction strategies and risk transfer mechanisms including insurance as potential elements in a new climate agreement. This paper addresses the potential role of insurance in reducing disaster risk and thus advancing adaptation.
Increasing urban albedo can reduce summertime temperatures, resulting in better air quality and savings from reduced air-conditioning costs. In addition, increasing urban albedo can result in less absorption of incoming solar radiation by the surface-troposphere system, countering to some extent the global scale effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.
In this report, concepts of methodology are outlined and projections of extreme events and their impacts, risks and damages, are presented, without consideration of adaptation and with consideration of adaptation.
To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
Integrated Assessment Model (PAGE) runs for global costs and benefits of adaptation.
Intergrated Assessment by using the AD-WITCH model, looking at doubling of CO2 concentration
Discussion on financing from investment and financial needs for enhancing funding for mitigation, adaptation and technology cooperation. Sectoral estimates of adaptation costs by region and globally for 2030.
Economics of climate change, including estimates of the costs of adaptation (globally) for developed countries.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated. Discussion of previous health costs Content: 1. The range of global estimates 2. Costs of adaptation in agriculture, forestry and fisheries 3. Costs of adaptation in the water sector 4.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated.
This paper critically reviews a number of studies about the costs of planned adaptation in the health context, and compares current health expenditures with MDGs which are felt to be inadequate when considering climate change impacts.
Costs of health adaptation, based on GBD estimates of health impacts in 2030. Adaptation based on prevention costs
Describes a general method for finding robust strategies using the information contained in computer simulations and data.
Paper calls for the development of innovative adaptation strategies able to cope with the uncertainty on future climates, and for more involvement of climate information end-users.
Report research provides detailed estimates of the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, consumption, prices, and trade, and also estimates the costs of adaptation for developing countries.
The aim of this study is to estimate the health impacts and economic costs and benefits of improving water supply and sanitation services, with a focus on the least developed countries that are “off-track” to meet the water supply and sanitation MDG targets
Incorporation of spatial distributions of biological benefits and economic costs in conservation planning
This paper is an attempt to provide some considerations for conservation practitioners as they design conservation strategies for mangroves.
In this chapter the focus is on the properties, goods and services of non-intensively managed and unmanaged ecosystems and their components (as grouped by widely accepted functional and structural classifications, Figure 4.1), and their potential vulnerability to climate change as based on scenarios mainly from IPCC (see Chapter 2 and IPCC, 2007).
The objective of this report is estimate the influences of climate and socio-economic changes by 2030 on the water supply production facilities of individual nations assuming reasonable measures are taken by them to respond to or adapt to these driving forces. The costs of the adaptation measures are also calculated.
This volume illustrates the impacts of global warming already under way and the potential for adaptation to reduce the vulnerability to, and risks of climate change.