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Health Impact of Climate Change

Description of the relative direction, magnitude, and certainty of climate change-related health impacts and describe costs of interventions

Adaptation Options on Natural Ecosystems.

Thus it is very difficult to define a coherent operational adaptation strategy for natural ecosystems. The report tries the even more difficult, estimation of the financing needs for adaptation, although investment in current conservation can provide some guidelines as to costs and to financing opportunities.

The Costs to Developing Countries of Adapting to Climate Change: New Methods and Estimates

To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Economic Aspects of adaptation to climate change: Integrated assessment modelling of adaptation costs and benefits

The report seeks to inform critical questions with regard to policy mixes of investments in adaptation and mitigation, and how they might vary over time. This is facilitated here by examining adaptation within global Integrated Assessment Modelling frameworks.

Challenges and opportunities for cropping systems in a changing climate

The report outlines how climate and atmospheric composition is already changing and how it may change further, how these changes may be affecting cropping system function, the adaptations that may be needed for cropping systems in the future and some key research challenges in the next five years.

Adapting agriculture to climate change

There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing climate risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe climate changes.

From Risk to Opportunity - Insurers response to climate change

The report describes the activities of the insurance industry. Insurers have begun to embrace a more sophisticated approac to climate change, increasingly recognizing the issue as one of “enterprise risk management,” which cuts across the domains of underwriting, asset management, and corporate governance.

The Role of Insurers in Promoting Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change

The paper researched example of insurance products which limit and manage risk of extreme weather events.

Adaptation to Climate Change: Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Insurance

To address expected losses, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Parties have identified both disaster risk reduction strategies and risk transfer mechanisms including insurance as potential elements in a new climate agreement. This paper addresses the potential role of insurance in reducing disaster risk and thus advancing adaptation.

Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2

Increasing urban albedo can reduce summertime temperatures, resulting in better air quality and savings from reduced air-conditioning costs. In addition, increasing urban albedo can result in less absorption of incoming solar radiation by the surface-troposphere system, countering to some extent the global scale effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.

Risk and economic damage assessment for 2025 and 2100, with and without adaptation

In this report, concepts of methodology are outlined and projections of extreme events and their impacts, risks and damages, are presented, without consideration of adaptation and with consideration of adaptation.

The Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Methodology Report

To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

The Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Methodology Report Annex

To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

The Costs and Benefits of Adaptation

Integrated Assessment Model (PAGE) runs for global costs and benefits of adaptation.

An Analysis of Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change'

Intergrated Assessment by using the AD-WITCH model, looking at doubling of CO2 concentration

Investment and financial flows to address Climate Change

Discussion on financing from investment and financial needs for enhancing funding for mitigation, adaptation and technology cooperation. Sectoral estimates of adaptation costs by region and globally for 2030.

The economics of climate change: The Stern review

Economics of climate change, including estimates of the costs of adaptation (globally) for developed countries.

Assessing the Costs of Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of the UNFCCC and Other Recent Estimates.

Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated. Discussion of previous health costs Content: 1. The range of global estimates 2. Costs of adaptation in agriculture, forestry and fisheries 3. Costs of adaptation in the water sector 4.

Potential costs and benefits of adaptation options: A review of existing literature

Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated.

Valuing Climate Change Impacts on Human Health: Empirical Evidence from the Literature.

This paper critically reviews a number of studies about the costs of planned adaptation in the health context, and compares current health expenditures with MDGs which are felt to be inadequate when considering climate change impacts.

Adaptation costs for climate change-related cases of diarrhoeal disease, malnutrition, and malaria in 2030’

Costs of health adaptation, based on GBD estimates of health impacts in 2030. Adaptation based on prevention costs

A General, Analytic Method for Generating Robust Strategies and Narrative Scenarios

Describes a general method for finding robust strategies using the information contained in computer simulations and data.

Strategies to Adapt to an Uncertain Climate Change

Paper calls for the development of innovative adaptation strategies able to cope with the uncertainty on future climates, and for more involvement of climate information end-users.

Climate Change: Impact on Agriculture and Costs of Adaptation

Report research provides detailed estimates of the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, consumption, prices, and trade, and also estimates the costs of adaptation for developing countries.

Economic and health effects of increasing coverage of low-cost household drinking-water supply and sanitation interventions to countries off-track to meet MDG target 10

The aim of this study is to estimate the health impacts and economic costs and benefits of improving water supply and sanitation services, with a focus on the least developed countries that are “off-track” to meet the water supply and sanitation MDG targets

Integrating economic costs into conservation planning

Incorporation of spatial distributions of biological benefits and economic costs in conservation planning

Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change

This paper is an attempt to provide some considerations for conservation practitioners as they design conservation strategies for mangroves.

Ecosystems,their properties, goods, and services. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

In this chapter the focus is on the properties, goods and services of non-intensively managed and unmanaged ecosystems and their components (as grouped by widely accepted functional and structural classifications, Figure 4.1), and their potential vulnerability to climate change as based on scenarios mainly from IPCC (see Chapter 2 and IPCC, 2007).

Adaptation options in water supply

The objective of this report is estimate the influences of climate and socio-economic changes by 2030 on the water supply production facilities of individual nations assuming reasonable measures are taken by them to respond to or adapt to these driving forces. The costs of the adaptation measures are also calculated.

Human health. In Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability,

This volume illustrates the impacts of global warming already under way and the potential for adaptation to reduce the vulnerability to, and risks of climate change.

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