Taking it for granted that the purpose of fisheries management is to increase the flow of net economic benefits from the fishing activity, the costs of operating the fisheries management system itself are obviously among those that have to be subtracted to arrive at the net benefits of fishing.
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resultsFew doubt the need for government intervention to manage the use of fisheries resources. The nature of access to fisheries resources means that intervention is required to provide for optimal economic performance and to meet environmental objectives. Management authorities therefore spend considerable funds to conduct stock research, make decisions and enforce those decisions.
EuroHEAT, a project co-funded by the European Commission Directorate-General for Health and Consumers, aimed to improve public health responses to weather extremes and to heat-waves in particular. Climate change is projected to lead to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including heat-waves.
This document presents the results of an extensive literature review on Lyme borreliosis (LB) combined with input from leading experts in this field. In the cCASHh project several health impact assessments, adaptation assessments, cost–benefit analysis and integrated assessment modelling (health futures) were carried out.
This study on ‘Adaptation to Climate Change in the Agricultural Sector’ aims to provide the European Commission with an improved understanding of the potential implications of climate change and adaptation options for European agriculture, covering the EU 27 Member States.
This study compiles and summarizes the existing knowledge about observed and projected impacts of climate change on forests in Europe and reviews options for forests and forestry to adapt to climate change.
This paper briefly described the impacts of climate change on European agricultural systems, and further discusses how agriculture in Europe may adapt to climate change and how this may influence European agricultural policy.
Review and Analysis of impacts, costs and use of artificial snow in the Alps
This paper compares alternative risk transfer mechanisms (insurance solutions) in three countries, which were affected by the flood event in August 2005, namely Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The comparison focuses on the ability of the institutional solutions to dampen economic shocks caused by natural hazard events.
Description of insurance situation against natural disasters in Germany
To allow a fully informed debate on adaptation, there is a need to consider the economic aspects of adaptation.
The paper first elaborates on the impacts of climate change on the European electricity sector and on related adaptation needs. The next section focuses on policy options to facilitate the transition of the electricity sector towards a well-adapted, carbon-lean electricity system.
This report synthesises the findings of the SoCo project and translates them into conclusions and recommendations. It reviews soil degradation processes, soil conservation practices and policy measures at European level. The analysis is taken to the local scale by means of ten case studies distributed over three macro-regions.
This paper focuses on the fiscal effects of adaptation to climate change. Beside adaptation induced effects, climate change has other fiscal implications, like public spending fo mitigation efforts, the implementation and use of fiscal instruments in climate policy, or reduced tax revenue due to productivity losses in the economy.
The ADAM work under this Deliverable is divided into two components: • a brief survey (Section 2) of these new studies, identifying their key messages, the methodological approaches adopted, and possible reasons for divergence in method and message; • a more detailed piece of primary research (Section 3) which makes an exploratory attempt to develop an alternative method to those most commonly
In this paper the authors Peter Kuch and Simone Gigli have been applying their economist’s thinking to the challenge of how to prioritise and appraise adaptation options in developing countries.
This report examines adaptation and mitigation within an integrated framework. Global and regional costs of adaptation are assessed dynamically and the resulting benefits are also quantified. This is accomplished by developing a framework to incorporate adaptation as a policy choice variable within three Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs).
This volume examines the implications of climate change for the economies in the European Alps. It focuses on adaptation measures to address two key vulnerabilities: increasing losses in winter tourism due to reduced snow cover, and increased exposure of settlements and infrastructure to natural hazards.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated.
Assessment of adaptation costs and benefits in climate sensitive sectors, as well as at national and global levels. Discussion of potential and limits of economic and policy instruments that can be used to motivate adaptation actions
Review of European valuation and adaptation economics work in Chapter 7
Literature Review, Case Studies and Fiscal Adaptation Costs
Costs of existing public heat alert systems across Europe; EuroHEAT, a project co-funded by the European Commission Directorate-General for Health and Consumers, aimed to improve public health responses to weather extremes and to heat-waves in particular.
Economic costs of climate change in Europe, for some sectors costs and benefits of adaptation (coasts)
Costs and benefits of adaptation for coastal zones in Europe using the DIVA model
Thes use the DIVA tool to calculate the benefits of a normative coastal protection target versus a business as usual (BAU) scenario for the EU coastal states.
Method and case studies for costs of climate change risks and costs (and benefits) of adaptation.
Case studies to provide national estimates of costs for water sector - for altered water quality and stormwater flood risks
ATEAM's primary objective was to assess the vulnerability of human sectors relying on ecosystem services with respect to global change. We consider vulnerability to be a function of potential impacts and adaptive capacity to global change.