The aim of the current study is to provide a ‘qualitative assessment’ of the direct and indirect effects of adaptation options and to provide an assessment of some of the costs and benefits of adaptation options.
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To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
In spite of various mitigation strategies that are being implemented to reduce and prevent future adverse effects of climate change, there is widespread agreement that climate change will nonetheless take place. This report anticipates on the urgent need to respond adequately to climate change in the Netherlands by identifying adaptation strategies both for the public and private sector.
There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing climate risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe climate changes.
This study compiles and summarizes the existing knowledge about observed and projected impacts of climate change on forests in Europe and reviews options for forests and forestry to adapt to climate change.
This report provides a preliminary discussion of the likely impacts of climate change for Scotland’s forest industry. Although the process of adaptation must begin now, the recommendations will be refined as more research and new information becomes available.
The regional study KLARA, an acronym for ‘Climate change - impacts, risks, Adaptation’, presents results of investigations on different areas of potential vulnerability for the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. An essential objective of the study is the identification of impact-reducing measures of adaptation in the areas considered.
This paper focuses on the fiscal effects of adaptation to climate change. Beside adaptation induced effects, climate change has other fiscal implications, like public spending fo mitigation efforts, the implementation and use of fiscal instruments in climate policy, or reduced tax revenue due to productivity losses in the economy.
In this report, concepts of methodology are outlined and projections of extreme events and their impacts, risks and damages, are presented, without consideration of adaptation and with consideration of adaptation.
This handbook is designed to provide newcomers to the field of climate impact and adaptation assessment with a guide to available research methods, particularly for answering the first question. The handbook will also serve as a ready reference for many others currently engaged in impacts and adaptation research.
To meet these two objectives, the broad World Bank effort will proceed on two tracks, a case study and an aggregate track. This study is part of the aggregate track, which has two objectives. The first is to ensure the availability of developing country/regional adaptation cost estimates to contribute to the discussion on climate change leading up to the Copenhagen conference in late 2009.
Discussion on financing from investment and financial needs for enhancing funding for mitigation, adaptation and technology cooperation. Sectoral estimates of adaptation costs by region and globally for 2030.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated. Discussion of previous health costs Content: 1. The range of global estimates 2. Costs of adaptation in agriculture, forestry and fisheries 3. Costs of adaptation in the water sector 4.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated.
Review of European valuation and adaptation economics work in Chapter 7
Literature Review, Case Studies and Fiscal Adaptation Costs
Assessment of damage costs and costs for adaptation for climate change in different sectors in Germany, The results are based on the the Integrated Assessment Model of Economy-Energy-Climate – The model WIAGEM.
Costs of adaptation for many sectors, costs and benefits for road transport sector
ATEAM's primary objective was to assess the vulnerability of human sectors relying on ecosystem services with respect to global change. We consider vulnerability to be a function of potential impacts and adaptive capacity to global change.
Using Portfolio Theory, this study develops a method by which the selection of genetic material, to be used in regenerating or restoring a forest, is optimally adapted to multiple, equally probable future climates.
The report reviews methods and tools available in the literature on the assessment of climate change uncertainties and reviews existing frameworks for decision making under uncertainty for adaptation to climate change in the Netherlands.
Study covers the impacts and economics costs of climate change, the costs of adaptation, and the potential for low carbon growth in Tanzania.
Study assesses the feasibility of developing climate change related vulnerability indicators for urban areas to support future EU spatial development policy by reviewing available literature and research activities.
Paper provides a brief review of the adaptation and mitigation benefits from various practices, and then focus in detail on empirical evidence concerning costs and barriers to adoption, both from household and project-level data.
Executive summary of report (in English)
Extensive study of the international literature concerning the effects of climate change and the associated costs, scaled to the Flemish context for an initial estimate of the potential cost of climate change in Flanders. (in Flemish)
Local case studies to the report: Adaptatie aan Klimaatveranderiung - Globale Kosten en Praktische Voorbelden. Literatuurstudie.(Adaptation to Climate Change: Global Costs and Practical Examples)
Contributes to the existing literature by implementing Monte Carlo simulations and real options valuation in estimating SLR costs and adaptation benefits under uncertainty in Greece.
Paper discusses the economic theory of adaptation as well as the empirical adaptation literature with a focus on developing countries.
The principle objectives of this study is to identify, analyze and quantify the economic costs of climate change for Mexico and, on the basis of the results, propose and recommend appropriate measures for public policy, both for adaptation and mitigation.