To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
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resultsThe report outlines how climate and atmospheric composition is already changing and how it may change further, how these changes may be affecting cropping system function, the adaptations that may be needed for cropping systems in the future and some key research challenges in the next five years.
There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing climate risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe climate changes.
In this report, concepts of methodology are outlined and projections of extreme events and their impacts, risks and damages, are presented, without consideration of adaptation and with consideration of adaptation.
This handbook is designed to provide newcomers to the field of climate impact and adaptation assessment with a guide to available research methods, particularly for answering the first question. The handbook will also serve as a ready reference for many others currently engaged in impacts and adaptation research.
The challenge of modeling climate change impacts in agriculture arises in the wide ranging nature of processes that underlie the working of markets, ecosystems, and human behavior. Our analytical framework integrates modeling components that range from the macro to the micro and from processes that are driven by economics to those that are essentially biological in nature.
Discussion on financing from investment and financial needs for enhancing funding for mitigation, adaptation and technology cooperation. Sectoral estimates of adaptation costs by region and globally for 2030.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated. Discussion of previous health costs Content: 1. The range of global estimates 2. Costs of adaptation in agriculture, forestry and fisheries 3. Costs of adaptation in the water sector 4.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated.
Paper provides a brief review of the adaptation and mitigation benefits from various practices, and then focus in detail on empirical evidence concerning costs and barriers to adoption, both from household and project-level data.
Paper calls for the development of innovative adaptation strategies able to cope with the uncertainty on future climates, and for more involvement of climate information end-users.
Report research provides detailed estimates of the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, consumption, prices, and trade, and also estimates the costs of adaptation for developing countries.
Paper discusses the economic theory of adaptation as well as the empirical adaptation literature with a focus on developing countries.
Chapter assesses the literature on the economics of climate change adaptation, building on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) and the increasing role that economic considerations are playing in adaptation decisionmaking and policy.
Guidance note presents various methodologies aimed at carrying out an economic evaluation of adaptation investments in agriculture and natural resource management (NRM), and provides some guidance in selecting the most suitable approach for the project under consideration.
Natural disasters and project analysis; Risk modified, benefit-cost analysis; empirical issues; disaster mitigation for an agricultural project in St. Lucia.
The report considered the role of development in exposure and vulnerability, the implications for disaster risk and DRM, and the interactions between extreme events, extreme impacts, and development. It examined how human responses to extreme events and disasters could contribute to adaptation objectives, and how adaptation to climate change could become better integrated with DRM practice.
This policy brief is a condensed version of the Agriculture and Climate Change: A Scoping Report. This summary seeks to provide key points for policymakers focusing on the unique aspects of agriculture when considered in the context of climate change.
This Analytical Brief serves as a starting point for dialogue on water security in the United Nations system.
The Technical Paper addresses the issue of freshwater. Climate, freshwater, biophysical and socio-economic systems are interconnected in complex ways. Hence, a change in any one of these can induce a change in any other. Freshwater-related issues are critical in determining key regional and sectoral vulnerabilities.
This chapter assesses how countries are managing current and projected disaster risks, given knowledge of how risks are changing with observations and projections of weather and climate extremes, vulnerability and exposure, and impacts.
This report discusses investment costs for climate change adaptation employed to offset climate change effects in an agricultural, forest and fisheries (AFF) production context.
This report is targeted at policy-makers, particularly those responsible for developing climate mitigation and adaption strategies that address issues like conservation, ecosystem services, agriculture and sustainable livelihoods. It focuses on the primary linkages between invasive species and climate change, as well as the secondary and tertiary interactions of their corresponding impacts.
This paper seeks to move the focus of the debate back towards the substance of adaptation by asking what “good adaptation” in developing countries would look like.
The EACC study addresses many of the shortcomings found in the adaptation cost literature
The study aims to develop a global estimate of adaptation costs for informing the international community’s efforts in the climate negotiations
This paper has examined the trends in funding and impacts of CGIAR research with a focus on distribution of economic benefits and sustainability of natural resources. The evidence has clearly shown that the impacts in terms of agricultural growth, poverty reduction and environmental protection continue to be impressive.
There is a growing consensus that climate change is transforming the context for rural development, changing physical and socio-economic landscapes and making smallholder development more expensive. But there is less consensus on how smallholder agriculture practices should change as a result. The paper proposes three major changes.
We compare ensembles of water supply and demand projections from 10 global hydrological models and six global gridded crop models.
As growing attention is paid to climate change adaptation as an actual policy issue, the significant meaning of climate variability in adaptation decisions is beginning to be recognized. By using a real option framework, we shed light on how climate change and climate variability affect individuals’ (farmers’) investment decisions with regard to adaptation.