To shed light on adaptation costs—and with the global climate change negotiations resuming in December 2009 in Copenhagen—the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) study was initiated by the World Bank in early 2008, funded by the governments of the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
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resultsTherefore, this paper aims at developing a broad economic framework for adaptation which can provide a foundation and a starting point for future economic research. The economic analysis allows us to distinguish between autonomous adaptation by private agents on the one hand and collective adaptation measures by government entities on the other.
In spite of various mitigation strategies that are being implemented to reduce and prevent future adverse effects of climate change, there is widespread agreement that climate change will nonetheless take place. This report anticipates on the urgent need to respond adequately to climate change in the Netherlands by identifying adaptation strategies both for the public and private sector.
In this paper, the economic value of the impacts of climate change is assessed for different Italian economic sectors and regions. Sectoral and regional impacts are then aggregated to provide a macroeconomic estimate of variations in GDP induced by climate change in the next decades.
This paper focuses on the fiscal effects of adaptation to climate change. Beside adaptation induced effects, climate change has other fiscal implications, like public spending fo mitigation efforts, the implementation and use of fiscal instruments in climate policy, or reduced tax revenue due to productivity losses in the economy.
In this report, concepts of methodology are outlined and projections of extreme events and their impacts, risks and damages, are presented, without consideration of adaptation and with consideration of adaptation.
This handbook is designed to provide newcomers to the field of climate impact and adaptation assessment with a guide to available research methods, particularly for answering the first question. The handbook will also serve as a ready reference for many others currently engaged in impacts and adaptation research.
Analysis of the cost of climate change adaptation in the coastal zone
Discussion on financing from investment and financial needs for enhancing funding for mitigation, adaptation and technology cooperation. Sectoral estimates of adaptation costs by region and globally for 2030.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated. Discussion of previous health costs Content: 1. The range of global estimates 2. Costs of adaptation in agriculture, forestry and fisheries 3. Costs of adaptation in the water sector 4.
Critique of UNFCCC (2007) and comment on global adaptation financing needs for 2030 in developing countries. Concludes the costs of adapting to climate change have been significantly under-estimated.
Assessment of adaptation costs and benefits in climate sensitive sectors, as well as at national and global levels. Discussion of potential and limits of economic and policy instruments that can be used to motivate adaptation actions
Review of European valuation and adaptation economics work in Chapter 7
Literature Review, Case Studies and Fiscal Adaptation Costs
Description of an approach for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of adaptation options to respond to climate change in the Netherlands.
Economic costs of climate change in Europe, for some sectors costs and benefits of adaptation (coasts)
Costs and benefits of adaptation for coastal zones in Europe using the DIVA model
Thes use the DIVA tool to calculate the benefits of a normative coastal protection target versus a business as usual (BAU) scenario for the EU coastal states.
Case studies to provide national estimates of costs for water sector - for altered water quality and stormwater flood risks
Costs of adaptation for many sectors, costs and benefits for road transport sector
The report assess possible UK flood risk between 2030 and 2100.
By reading this report, the user will gain a good appreciation of the contents of the implementation guidelines, and its potential as a tool to: • Provide guidance on how to generate valid ‘order of magnitude’ estimates of the cost of climate risks, and the benefits of adaptation to these risks. • Minimise the potential for poor, inaccurate or inconsistent cost estimation.
As part of wider study, assesses economic costs of heat waves, and reports that potential health benefits of heat alerts likely to be far greater than costs.
Describes impacts on a major U.S. city (Boston), what those impacts are likely to cost, and what adaptive measures can be taken to protect the region from the worst of these effects. Assessment of health from heat, and concludes adaptation can reduce to negligble risks
Evaluation of benefit-cost ratios of 16 municipal adaptation clusters aimed at targeting a climate-related risk under 4 different climate change scenarios.
Study covers the impacts and economics costs of climate change, the costs of adaptation, and the potential for low carbon growth in Kenya.
Study covers the impacts and economics costs of climate change, the costs of adaptation, and the potential for low carbon growth in Tanzania.
Study assesses the feasibility of developing climate change related vulnerability indicators for urban areas to support future EU spatial development policy by reviewing available literature and research activities.
Executive summary of report (in English)
Extensive study of the international literature concerning the effects of climate change and the associated costs, scaled to the Flemish context for an initial estimate of the potential cost of climate change in Flanders. (in Flemish)